Solar park boom threatens Spain's centuries-old olive trees
"Cutting down olive trees to install solar panels is a crime," the 64-year-old farmer told AFP in Lopera, a town of whitewashed buildings with 3,600 residents in the sunny southern region of Andalusia, Spain's olive-growing heartland.
Spain is the world's top producer of olive oil, but the fertile agricultural land long used by olive producers is now in high demand from power firms looking to install solar farms.
And with nearly 3,000 hours of sunshine per year, Andalusia is one of the Spanish regions with the highest number of solar panels as a renewables boom makes the country a European leader in green energy.
Renewable energy firms such as Greenalia and FRV Arroyadas have requested permission to build multiple solar farms near Lopera, which farmers say will affect up to 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) of property.
The businesses negotiated agreements to lease the bulk of the land required for their projects but encountered significant opposition from hundreds of small landowners.
This prompted the regional government of Andalusia to announce it will expropriate some land needed for the plants, declaring them to be in "the public interest".
"Is it in the public interest for them to take my land and give it to a company so that the company can profit? This has no benefit for us," said Campos.
"Our way of life is going to be destroyed," he added.
'From our ancestors'
Campaigners predict that the eight solar projects planned for the area will require the removal of nearly 100,000 olive trees.
The regional government puts the figure significantly lower, at 13,000.
Local residents anticipated power companies would seek to install solar panels in the area, but they never imagined "they would come and take away your property," said Rafael Alcala, a spokesman for a platform that represents the solar plants' opponents.
In support of landowners impacted by the latest round of expropriations, dozens of farmers on tractors -- some holding signs that read "We don't want solar plants" -- gathered on a recent morning outside Lopera.
"These lands come from our ancestors. What am I going to leave to my children now?" Maria Josefa Palomo, a 67-year-old pensioner, said at the protest.
Losing 500 hectares of olive groves would wipe out more than two million euros ($2.3 million) in annual revenues, according to local olive oil cooperative La Loperana.
Campaigners say 5,000 olive trees have already been uprooted from land belonging to a farmer in Lopera who signed an agreement with one of the firms behind a solar park. More could follow.
In an effort to stop the projects, opponents have filed lawsuits against the regional government and the companies involved.
'Until the end'
Spain generated a record 56.8 percent of its electricity last year from renewable sources such as wind and solar, according to grid operator Red Electrica.
Leveraging on its sunny plains, windy hillsides and fast-flowing rivers, Spain intends to raise the share of renewable-generated electricity to 81 percent of the total by 2030 as part of efforts to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.
The regional government has defended the renewables projects, saying less than one percent of the land they use in the region had to be expropriated from reluctant landowners.
Spanish solar industry group UNEF, which represents more than 800 companies, says the projects boost tax revenues in rural communities.
They generate "significant amounts" that can be used to improve public services, said UNEF head Jose Donoso.
Solar park opponents in Lopera disagree and vow to continue their fight.
"Until the end. Nobody is going to take what is ours away from us," said Juan Cantera, a 28-year-old farmer.
"Olive oil is everything in Lopera".