New look at 'Mad Butcher’s' murder victims could uncover more about mysterious serial killer
Authorities in Cleveland are pairing with a nonprofit to identify body parts left behind by one of America's oldest known serial killers using genetic genealogy almost a century after they were found.
The "Torso Killer," also known as the "Mad Butcher of Kingsbury Run," murdered at least 12 people between 1935 and 1938, according to the Cleveland Police Museum website. But recent research has suggested there could have been 20 or more total victims, Cleveland.com reported.
Just two of the killer's victims were identified. The bodies were rarely found whole, often missing heads that were never recovered.
Those who did have heads, which were located a distance from the rest of their bodies, according to the Cleveland Police Museum, are believed to have been drifters who weren't recognized in disseminated sketches.
Two victims tied to the unknown killer were positively identified, according to the museum, as Edward Andrassy and Florence Polillo.
Andrassy, a 28-year-old white man, was found decapitated, emasculated, wearing only socks and drained of blood in July 1939. His fingertips identified him, the museum said.
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Police searching the crime scene found the corpse of a woman, likely in her 40s, who was never identified. Parts of Polillo, a waitress and barmaid, were found wrapped carefully in newspaper in January 1936. The rest of her body, with the exception of her head, was recovered in another location 10 days later. She was also identified by her fingerprints.
Dental records allowed for the "unofficial" identification of a third victim, Rose Wallace. But, according to the museum, police were unable to make a definitive determination.
Although an arrest was never made, police believe a surgeon named Francis E. Sweeney, who would have had the expertise and equipment to dismember bodies, was responsible for the killings. He was questioned by police for a week but never confessed, according to the Cleveland Police Museum. However, after he committed himself to an institution, the murders came to a halt.
The DNA Doe Project, a nonprofit organization that carries out and helps fund genetic genealogy testing in cold cases, has paired with the Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office in an attempt to put names to some of the 10 unidentified victims.
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Genetic genealogist CeCe Moore told Fox News Digital there is a "very high likelihood that the DNA Doe project will be successful in identifying these individuals."
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"In 1938, there was no such thing as DNA testing. It was not even something they probably could have imagined. And, so, the advancements that we've seen over the almost 100 years are just unfathomable to the people who originally worked on this case, undoubtedly," she said.
"You know, in the ‘80s is when DNA started being looked at for criminal applications. In the ’90s is when it really started coming into use in the United States. But it really took quite a while before it was accepted. I mean, we can look just back at the O.J. Simpson case, for instance, you know, where the jury didn't understand DNA well enough to really weigh it as heavily as we would today. So, it has really come leaps and bounds. And then, in the last six years, we've had another leap forward with investigative genetic genealogy.
"Direct to consumer DNA testing was introduced in the year 2000 by a company called Family Tree DNA. It was the first time that we could test our own DNA to learn more about our family tree and our genetic heritage," Moore explained. "That became what is now called genetic genealogy. That is the marriage of using DNA testing and genealogical records.
"So people have been genealogists for decades, for hundreds of years, really using records to build family trees. And we're really fortunate today that we have billions of records online that are digitized so most of us can build our family trees way back in time from the comfort of our own home."
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Thus far, two of the bodies have been exhumed. One, which WOIO-TV characterized as the killer's "most famous" victim, is known as the "Tattooed Man."
Left near railroad tracks in the summer of 1936, the unknown man's head was found about 1,500 feet away from his body. Even after police fingerprinted him and widely disseminated pictures of his six tattoos, including the names "Helen" and "Paul," according to the Cleveland Police Museum, he was never identified.
At the Great Lakes Exposition of 1936, more than 100,000 people saw a display featuring a plaster cast of the man's head and images of his tattoos, but no one reported recognizing him.
The second body that will be tested was found on Cleveland's lakefront in the summer of 1938 and is believed to be the killer's sixth victim.
A single anonymous donor is funding the lab costs, DNA Doe told CBS News. Although the remains may be contaminated or degraded because of their age, Jennifer Randolph, the nonprofit's executive director of case management, said that DNA Doe has identified older remains before.
"We'll figure out who the DNA relative matches are. We'll build their trees, find those common ancestors and, then, you know, build forward or maybe look a little bit back, to see who the unidentified individual is," Randolph told WOIO-TV.
"So, there could still be living people who know, you know, that these are individuals who were missing from their family and nobody knew whatever happened to them," Randolph said. "And regardless of that piece, especially given how, you know, they died, they deserve the dignity and justice of being memorialized with their names."
Moore told Fox News Digital scientists will face a host of challenges working with such old remains.
"We are dealing with degradation, potential contamination from bacteria. It's very difficult to work on what we would call ‘ancient remains,’" Moore explained. "When you work with very old cases, you are almost certainly dealing with degradation where you can't analyze all the DNA.
"Some of that DNA is going to be missing. And then, with contamination, we see bacteria actually inserts its own genome into the human genome. And, so, you have to have skilled scientists who are able to remove that bacterial genome, separate it from the human genome before we can perform our investigative genetic genealogy."
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But even older remains have been identified using the practice, Moore said, citing at least one victim of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre whose family was finally notified in July of this year.
According to Fox 59, World War I veteran C.L. Daniel was identified as one of the victims of the 1921 tragedy, and his family was notified 103 years later.
"I have some inside information on that, and it's been really, really difficult to get the DNA that is needed to perform investigative genetic genealogy from those very old remains," Moore said. "But there has been some success, and it's taken sometimes multiple rounds at the lab before they finally were able to get that DNA that was viable for our work. That's pretty comparable, and it's been very difficult."