Fear of ageing: modern society is making things worse
For the first time in human history, we have entered an era in which reaching old age is taken for granted. Unlike in ages past, when living to an older age was a luxury afforded mainly to the privileged, globally around 79 per cent of women and 70 per cent of men can expect to reach the age of 65 and beyond.
Despite longer life expectancy, many people see growing old as undesirable and even scary. Research shows, however, that anxiety about ageing may in fact be fear of the unknown.
Society’s focus on youthfulness and capability can cause anxiety about becoming weak and unwanted. Adverts for anti-ageing products are everywhere, reinforcing the idea that growing older is inherently unattractive.
Some people fear ageing so much that it becomes a pathological condition called gerascophobia, leading to irrational thoughts and behaviour, for example, a fixation on health, illness and mortality and a preoccupation with hiding the signs of ageing.
While the desire to reverse ageing is not a new phenomenon, advancements in biomedicine have brought it closer.
People haven’t always dreaded growing older. In many societies, older people used to be widely regarded as wise and important – and in some they still are.
In ancient China, there was a culture of respecting and seeking advice from older family members. There is still an ethos of filial piety (showing reverence and care for elders and ancestors) today, even if it’s not as pronounced as it used to be. The same went for medieval Europe.
However, the industrial revolution in the West led to a cultural shift where older people became excluded from society and were considered unproductive. People who had surpassed the age to work, alongside those with incurable diseases, were regarded by society as “evils” in need of assistance.
The treatment of older people has taken a different form since the early 20th century. The introduction of universal pension systems made ageing a central concern in welfare systems. But as the demands for social and health care have increased, journalists increasingly portray ageing as a burden on society.
Consequently, growing older is often associated with managing the risk of ill health and alleviating the onus of care from younger relatives.
Research analysing the responses of 1,200 US adults from the American Association of Retired Persons’ Images of Ageing survey shows that much of the perceived fear of ageing is closely aligned with the fear of the unknown, rather than the ageing process itself.
The prevalence of nuclear families and the decline of traditional mixed-generational communities have deprived younger people of the opportunity to more fully understand the experiences of older people. Plus, the rapid increase in house prices means many young people cannot afford to live near their older relatives.
The separation of older people from children and young people has sparked generational conflicts that seemingly continue to grow wider than ever. Older people are frequently portrayed in the media as conservative and privileged, making it difficult for younger generations to comprehend why older people act and think the way they do.
Academics suggest that creating a system for older and younger generations to interact in everyday settings is vital.
A set of three UK-based studies in 2016 analysed and compared the effects of direct contact, extended contact and interactions between younger (aged 17 to 30) and older people (65 and over). The findings indicated that good quality direct intergenerational contact can improve young people’s attitudes towards older adults (especially when sustained over time).
Getting worried about growing older is normal, just as we experience anxieties in other stages of life, such as adolescence and marriage. But here’s the thing – instead of seeing ageing as a looming figure, it is important to realise it is just a part of life.
Once we understand ageing as a regular experience, we can let go of these worries and approach the journey through different life stages with a positive attitude and a fortified will to enrich our lives and the lives of those around us.
is Lecturer in Sociology, Deputy Director of the Centre for Ageing and the Life Course, University of Liverpool and is PhD Candidate, Sociology, Centre for Death and Society, University of Bath. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence